Sugar consumption and diabetes
Sugar consumption has been linked to chronic diseases like diabetes and atherosclerosis for a long time. High sugar consumption is probably the most important risk factor of diabetes. Changing life styles and inclusion of items like soda to the daily diet may worsen the condition. Actually specifically talking about diabetes sugar consumption affects it in many ways. For an example high sugar intake may cause obesity. Recent researches have shown adipose tissue in the body area secrete a hormone which is responsible for insulin resistance. And the researches with the diabetics have shown high circulating levels of this hormone.
Unlike complex carbohydrates sugar is easily digested and absorbed. This causes a rapid absorption of glucose and fructose in the blood. As you already know rapid rise in blood glucose predispose the patient to diabetes. Not only that, fructose can entered the cells without controlled by insulin. Due to this high fructose entry to the cells changes the metabolic pathways within the cells and stimulates the cells to synthesis more fatty and cholesterol. This more fatty acid and cholesterol synthesized is transported to peripheral tissues by the means of LDL. This is why high sugar intake predisposes the patient to atherosclerosis.
Sugar consumption and diabetes
CPK enzyme
CPK enzyme ( also known as creatine phosphokinase and creatine kinase) is the enzyme which is responsible for the conversion of creatine to creatine phosphate. CPK enzyme plays a very important in skeletal muscle since it creatine phosphate system is important for the sudden energy requirements in the skeletal muscle. CPK enzyme is also abandontely found in brain and smooth muscle. During the conversion of 1 mol of creatine to creatine phosphate CPK enzyme converts 1mol of ATP to ADP. CPK Enzyme has several isoforms. Those isoforms are CPK-BB, CPK-MB, CPK-MM. The CPK-MM type is known as the skeletal muscle type of the CPK enzyme. CPK-BB type is known as the Brain type of the CPK enzyme.Only within the myocardial cells more than 5% of CPK-MB activity can be observed. Due to this fact CPK-MB isoform of the CPK Enzyme is used to diagnose myocardial cell damage and CPk enzyme palys a major role in the diagnosis of myocardial infarctions-heart attacks. This enzyme is also important in the diagnosis of various myopathies. Usually in muscle dystrophies plasma level of CPK enzyme is elevated. To differentiate the source of CPK enzyme isoform speific enzyme assays of other markers should be used.
Eg: CPK enzyme and Troponin I in myocardial infarctions.
CPK enzyme and myoglobin in muscle damage.
Fot more information about this read CPK Test and CPK Blood Test
CPK test
CPK test is a very important biochemical test used to diagnose specially conditions associated with muscle. CPK test also has a place in emergency care to diagnose myocardial infarctions. CPK Enzyme or the Creatine phosphokinase is found in almost all the cells of the body. But it is found in significant amounts in Heart, Brain and skeletal muscles. So when there is a heart attack, Brain cell necrosis or a muscle trauma the CPK enzyme contained with in these cells are released to the blood. So the plasma level of CPK enzyme is elevated. The objective of the CPK test is to measure this elevated CPK enzyme. Even in a normal individual there is a basal blood level of CPK enzyme. It is due to the normal wear and tear of the cells. In CPK test this amount is always measured. So when the CPK test result comes it is not something to get alarmed. Normal basal level of CPK enzyme in a properly conducted CPK test is 24-195U/L. But please keep in mind the outcome of the CPK test is laboratory and method specific. So you should always take into account the reference range given by the laboratory for the CPK test. Not only diseases there are drugs which can give rise to exaggerated results in CPK test.
Sodium nitrite and cancer risk
Sodium nitrite and cancer risk
Sodium nitrite is a compound which is specially added to processed meat like cone beef, bacon and hotdogs. Even though this compound is neutral, within the body it can be converted to carcinogenic compounds which can cause cancers. It was clearly shown that Sodium nitrite increases the risk of leukemia.
Sodium nitrite is added to processed meat in order to retain the reddish appealing color. But this Sodium nitrite is converted to carcinogenic nitrosoamines by colonic bacteria which increase the risk of cancer. Since sodium nitrate is also converted to Sodium nitrite with in the body it also can be carcinogenic.
So if the same person who is eating lots and lost of processed food also having constipation the problem can be much more severe and probably he is having a heightened risk of colonic cancer. So beware of Sodium nitrite and cancer risk and next time make sure to read the label of the food item before you buy it.